A Modern Malolos Republic

Pia A. Kasaysayan 1: Philippine History Reflection Paper A Modern â€Å"Malolos Republic†: A Reflection on M. Guerrero's â€Å"The Underside of the Malolos Republic† It’s for the most part recognized among Filipinos and a few people far and wide that the Philippines is among one of the most degenerate nations on the planet. In 2012, the Philippines positioned 105 with a 3. 4 Corruption Percentage Index in Transparency International’s arrangement of information from 176 countries.The CPI score positions nations from 0-10, with 0 showing that a nation is seen to be exceptionally degenerate, and 10 implies that a nation is seen to be spotless (Transparency International, 2012). Defilement ends up being that longstanding issue that Filipinos and Filipino lawmakers consistently face. Of the numerous methods for political defilement in the Philippines today, accepted to be among the most widespread are join, pay off, misappropriation, appointive extortion, indir ect access arrangements, cronyism, and nepotism (Conde, 2007).Just by investigating the government officials as of now holding office can the last sort be obvious. One family some of the time holds a seat in office for ages, running from barangay chief to the administration. The political field in the Philippines is to a great extent included and represented by administering political administrations, rather than ideological groups (Eder ; Vallarta, 2007). Defilement really stays wild in the Philippine society. What amazes me is the way that it has been so widespread for so very long.According to Milagros Guerrero’s â€Å"The Underside of the Malolos Republic,† political defilement has been with the Filipinos since the very foundation of a republic in our nation. Emilio Aguinaldo’s term as administration appeared at-standard with that of cutting edge Filipino presidents like Joseph â€Å"Erap† Estrada or Gloria Macapagal â€Å"GMA† Arroyo as far as its neatness and straightforwardness. Where Aguinaldo’s term displayed cronyism, or designating longstanding companions into places of power paying little mind to their capabilities, so did Erap’s and GMA’s.Erap’s scandalous Midnight Cabinet comprised of obscure characters with which he would go through the late evening drinking alcohol with. These men were regularly ground-breaking players in the public eye, both from the general population and private parts. This gathering of men, from lawmakers to agents, frequently won kindness and different advantages from the Estrada organization. Another case of cronyism is GMA’s asserted â€Å"midnight appointment† of previous Chief Justice Renato Corona not long before she was to step down from office. This mirrors Aguinaldo’s own treatment of his previous officers and companions at arms in the revolution.These men were before long raised into places of high position, exploiting the unexpect ed nonattendance of the Spaniards to go after clueless individual Filipinos. It was additionally from cronyism that came join and theft, signs of a politician’s ravenousness for more force and individual assets. Unite is the corrupt utilization of a politician’s expert for individual increase. Misappropriation, with regards to political debasement in the Philippines, is essentially taking cash for individual use infringing upon a trust, for example, the assessment law.Among Aguinaldo’s associates and supporters, there were many who utilized their name and political influence to admonish Filipinos into surrendering area and cash. As legislative leader of Cagayan, Daniel Tirona cheated the town of a huge number of pesos. This is the same as cutting edge governors who search out the kindness of the momentum president in office, so as to acquire power. Misappropriation, when carried out by high government authorities, turns into a much graver wrongdoing against the state. Pres.Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and a few authorities of her legislature were regularly associated with misappropriation. There were various outstanding political outrages during her residency as president, two of which were the famous Fertilizer Fund Scam and the NBN-ZTE Deal. Indeed, even until today are Erap and his liberal way of life become the stuff of urban legend and slander. While Aguinaldo himself is for the most part saved from such a belittling heritage, as he is regularly praised as the saint leader of the Philippine Revolution, his partners and supporters basically can't be granted the equivalent protection.Jose Ignacio Paua, Aguinaldo’s brother by marriage and general, was not generally welcomed in Albay and other Bicol zones where he drained his constituents out of home and land. Referenced over, the scandalous Daniel Tirona was barely additionally the image for political and money related tidiness. While it is our politicians’ continuous guarantee to annihilate defilement, it’s clear that with its underlying foundations so profound into our history, it will be no simple errand. So as to really have a perfect, just government it’s up to the individuals to decide in favor of whom they think merits it and for those lawmakers to serve the individuals reasonably and selflessly.As basic for what it's worth, this lead is frequently overlooked because of for the most part narrow minded reasons. While debasement in the hour of Aguinaldo and that of past presidents’ leave permanent stains throughout the entire existence of the Philippines, our lone comfort is with the expectation that people in the future won't need to encounter very similar things. Works Cited Conde, C. H. (2007, March 13). Philippines generally degenerate, study says †The New York Times. Recovered March 3, 2013, from The New York Times: http://www. nytimes. com/2007/03/13/business/worldbusiness/13iht-peso. 891792. html? _r=1; Eder, E. , ; Va llarta, A. (2007, April 20). GMA News Research: Political families reign in practically all of RP | News | GMA Online. Recovered March 3, 2013, from GMA News Online: http://www. gmanetwork. com/news/story/39187/news/specialreports/gma-news-look into political-families-reign-in-nearly all-of-rp Transparency International. (2012). Research †CPI †Overview. Recovered March 3, 2013, from Transparency International: http://www. straightforwardness. organization/look into/cpi/diagram

The Assassination Of Mlk Essay Example For Students

The Assassination Of Mlk Essay The Assassination of MLKOne of the universes most popular promoters of peaceful social changestrategies, Martin Luther King, Jr. blended thoughts drawn from numerous differentcultural conventions. (Carson 1). In any case, these dissent methodologies onlyfurthered racial isolation, bringing about the inevitable passing of King. Michael King, who was later known as Martin Luther King, Jr. was bornJanuary 15, 1929, at 501 Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. His underlying foundations were inthe African-American Baptist church. After his lesser year at Morehouse College,Benjamin Mays impacted him to turn into a pastor, the leader of MorehouseCollege. (Smith 1). He examined religious philosophies at Crozer Theological Seminary inChester, Pennsylvania, and at Boston University, where he earned a doctorate insystematic religious philosophies in 1955. (Carson 1). While he was finishing his Ph. D. prerequisites, Martin Luther King, Jr. chosen to come back toward the south. He becamethe minister of Dextor Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. (Smith 2). Five days after Rosa Parks wouldn't comply with the citys rules concerningbus isolation, African-American occupants of Montgomery, Alabama propelled abus blacklist. They chose Martin Luther King, Jr. as leader of the MontgomeryImprovement Association. (Phillips 3). Ruler got national noticeable quality as theboycott proceeded, because of his own fearlessness and uncommon oratical aptitudes. (Carson 2). On charges on scheme, Martin Luther King, they bombarded Jr.s house,and they captured him alongside other blacklist pioneers. (Imprint 3). Regardless of theseactions taken against the blacklist, Montgomery transports were integrated inDecember of 1956. The Supreme Court had proclaimed Alabamas laws of segregationunconstitutional. During 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. what's more, other African-Americanministers built up the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Aspresident of the association, King accentuated the significance of African-American democratic rights. (Phillips 5). Ruler distributed his first book, StrideToward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. In 1959, he visited India to expand hisknowledge and comprehension of Gandhian peaceful systems. Before the end ofthat year, King surrendered the pastorate of Dextor, and came back to Atlanta,where the Southern Christian Leadership Conference base camp was found. (Carson 2). Martin Luther King, Jr. didn't organize any mass dissent activitiesduring the initial five years to follow the Montgomery transport blacklist. While King wascautious, southern, African-American undergrads took the initiative,launching many demonstration fights throughout the winter and spring of 1960. (Itory 3). Clashes between Martin Luther King, Jr. furthermore, the more youthful protestors wereevident when the Southern Christian Leadership Conference helped the AlbanyMovements battle both of mass dissent during December of 1961 and during thesummer of 1962. (Phillips 2). In 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr. what's more, his staff guided mass demonstrationsin Birmingham, Alabama, where neighborhood, white police authorities were known for theiranti-dark perspectives. President Kennedy responded to the fights by submittingcivil rights enactments to Congress, which passed the Civil Rights Act of 1963. (Imprint 5). In 1963 he conveyed his popular I Have a Dream discourse on the stepsof the Lincoln Memorial, pulling in 250,000 protestors. (Phillips 4). In 1966, while taking an interest in a walk, he experienced solid criticismfrom Stokely Carmichael. In a matter of seconds thereafter white counter protestors cut him. in the Chicago zone. Regardless of these contentions, King despite everything utilized non-violentprotesting procedures. (Phillips 5). Martin Luther King, Jr.s viability was constrained bydivisions among African-Americans, however by national political pioneers. As urbanracial viciousness raised in the south, and King censured Americanintervention in the Vietnam War, King lost the help of many white dissidents. His relations with the Lyndon Johnson organization were at a low pont whenMartin Luther Ling, Jr. was killed on April 4, 1968, while looking for toassist a trash laborers strike in Memphis. (Itory 5). .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 , .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .postImageUrl , .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 , .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:hover , .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:visited , .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:active { border:0!important; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:active , .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua93ea0ac20bd5 01705b20c156ae98ad9 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua93ea0ac20bd501705b20c156ae98ad9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Family Values EssayMartin Luther King, Jr. was a man who accepted that all individuals werecreated similarly. His strategies were capricious; his convictions were extremist. In any case, time has demonstrated that the sum total of what progress has been made just whenunconventional strategies were utilized. Martin Luther King, Jr.s tries andcrusades conflicted with those of political specialists and other noticeable individuals. Along these lines, he was viewed as perilous. His professional killers submitted a demonstration ofcowardice. Childish individuals killed him, who couldn't see reality inKings words. White individuals were by all account not the only ones who protested. Northern, African-Americans didn't concur with Martin Luther King, Jr. either. After his demise, King stayed a disputable image of the Afrcian-American social liberties battle, venerated by numerous individuals for his affliction for benefit ofnon-viciousness and denounced by others for his militancy and guerilla views.(Carson 3).

ISTJ Personality Characteristics, Myths & Cognitive Functions

ISTJ Personality Characteristics, Myths & Cognitive Functions Theories Personality Psychology Print ISTJ: The Inspector (Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) An Overview of the ISTJ Personality Type By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 24, 2019 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Overview Intuitive-Thinking INTJ INTP ENTJ ENTP Intuitive-Feeling INFJ INFP ENFJ ENFP Sensing-Judging ISTJ ISFJ ESTJ ESFJ Sensing-Perceiving ISTP ISFP ESTP ESFP In This Article Table of Contents Expand Key ISTJ Characteristics Cognitive Functions Personal Relationships Career Paths Tips for Interacting With ISTJs View All ISTJ (introversion, sensing, thinking, judgment) is a four-letter code representing one of the 16 personality types found on the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator (MBTI). People with an ISTJ personality type tend to be reserved, practical and quiet. They enjoy order and organization in all areas of their lives including their home, work, family, and projects. ISTJs value loyalty in themselves and others, and place an emphasis on traditions. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Key ISTJ Characteristics ISTJs are planners; they like to carefully plan things out well in advance. They enjoy an orderly life. They like things to be well-organized and pay a great deal of attention to detail. When things are in disarray, people with this personality type may find themselves unable to rest until they have set everything straight and the work has been completed.ISTJs are both responsible and realistic. They take a logical approach to achieving goals and completing projects and are able to work at a steady pace toward accomplishing these tasks. They are able to ignore distractions in order to focus on the task at hand and are often described as dependable and trustworthy.ISTJs also place a great deal of emphasis on traditions and laws. They prefer to follow rules and procedures that have previously been established. In some cases, ISTJs can seem rigid and unyielding in their desire to maintain structure. Strengths Detail-oriented Realistic Present-focused Observant Logical and practical Orderly and organized Weaknesses Judgmental Subjective Tends to blame others Insensitive Cognitive Functions The MBTI suggests that the four different cognitive functions (thinking, feeling, intuition, and sensing) form a hierarchy. Each function is either directed outwardly (extraverted) or inwardly (introverted) and the order of these functions determines an individuals personality.?? Dominant: Introverted Sensing Introverted sensors are focused on the present moment, taking in an abundance of information about their surroundings.They also have vivid memories of the past and rely on the memories of these experiences to form expectations for the future. Auxiliary: Extraverted Thinking ISTJs are logical and efficient. They enjoy looking for rational explanations for events.They prefer to focus on the details rather than thinking about abstract information.Being efficient and productive is important for people with this personality type. They appreciate knowledge that has immediate, practical applications.ISTJs make decisions based on logic and objective data rather than personal feelings. Tertiary: Introverted Feeling As they make judgments, ISTJs often make personal interpretations based on their internal set of values.This is often described as an instinct or gut feeling about a situation. ISTJ might make a decision based on logic, only to have this feeling kick in telling them to trust their feelings rather than just the facts. Inferior: Extraverted Intuition This aspect of personality enjoys new ideas and experiences.This is the weakest part of the ISTJs personality, but developing this function can sometimes lead to a more balanced personality. INTJs You Might Know George Washington, U.S. PresidentHenry Ford, inventorJohnny Carson, entertainerElizabeth II, Queen of EnglandEvander Holyfield, boxer Personal Relationships ISTJs prefer spending time alone or with small groups of close friends. People with this personality type are usually very loyal and devoted to family and friends but may struggle to understand their own emotions and the feelings of others. They can be quite reserved and sometimes fail to pick up on the emotional signals given by other people. However, once they are close to a person and develop an understanding of that persons feelings and needs, they will expend a great deal of effort toward supporting those needs. Career Paths Because of this need for order, they tend to do better in learning and work environments that have clearly defined schedules, clear-cut assignments and a strong focus on the task at hand. When learning new things, ISTJs do best when the material is something they view as useful with real-world applications. Concrete, factual information appeals to ISTJs, while theoretical and abstract information has little value unless they can see some type of practical use for it. While they may exert tremendous energy into projects they see as valuable, they will avoid wasting time and energy on things that they view as useless or unpractical. ISTJs tend to do well in careers that require order, structure, and perseverance. Jobs that involve dealing with concrete facts and figures (accounting, library science, computer programming, etc.) are all good options. Jobs that require accuracy, respect for rules and stability often appeal to those with an ISTJ personality. Popular ISTJ Careers AccountantComputer ProgrammerDentistDoctorLibrarianLawyerPolice Officer or DetectiveMilitary Leader Tips for Interacting With ISTJs Friendships ISTJs tend to get along best with friends who are similar to themselves. While they tend to be a bit serious and by the book, they do like to have fun. They might not be willing to jump into new things, but you can be a great friend by helping them pursue hobbies and activities that they enjoy. Parenting ISTJ parents tend to be quite focused on tradition and are good at providing security and stability to their children. Children of ISTJ parents often find that their parents will treat them with care and respect and that they also expect the same treatment in return. Parents of ISTJ children will find that providing consistency can help their children feel more secure. Sticking to routines, introducing change slowly, and giving them time to adjust to new situations are all ways to help an ISTJ child. Relationships While ISTJs may experience deep feelings, they often struggle to show that side of themselves in romantic relationships. You can be an understanding partner by not expecting them to bare their soul to you right off the bat. Sometimes it may seem that your partner is not considering your feelings, but you can help them see your side by rationally presenting facts and logical explanations for your side of the argument.

The Virgin Suicides Analysis Essay - 2980 Words

Trey Suburbia Declassified Throughout the world of suburbia, there seems to be a persistence of communities who attempt to create a perfect, enclosed world for the whole of the community to live in. By providing for everything that the inhabitants would ever want, suburbia is able to close itself off from those around it that it deems unworthy of belonging. While this exclusivity helps to foster the sense of community, it can also bring with it isolation from the outside, and also from within, and have disastrous results. Throughout the semester, there have been a number of works that have dealt the issue of isolation, but the greatest representation of a work whose physical qualities in its representation of suburbia help to†¦show more content†¦This reenforces the idea that the boys sight is the main determining factor for much of the information they recount, as at they are unable to differentiate the Lisbons until the party, after having known the girls for much of their lives, and also lusting a fter them for almost as long as they have, they are isolated from the girls to such a degree that they are unable to see any difference in them until they are in the same room. Most of the community also associates all the girls with one another and rarely sees any distinguishable differences amongst them. In the section when Trip Fontaine and the other neighborhood boys take the Lisbon girls tot he homecoming dance, they boys realize they cant tell the girls apart. Trip Fontaine, of course, had dibs on Lux, but the other three girls were up for grabs. Fortunately, their dresses and hairdos homogenized them. Once again, the boys werent even sure which girl was which. Instead of asking, they did the only thing they could think of doing: they presented the corsages (117). The boys superficiality is highlighted; the only time in the novel in which the girls are allowed out of the house, they boys are still unable to determine one girl from another. Furthermore, the only way they determ ine who their dates are by simply lining up in front of them with flowers ready. When the remaining Lisbon girls commit suicide at the end of the novel, Mary is the only daughter to survive, andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Virgin Suicides 799 Words   |  4 PagesThe Virgin Suicides narrates the story of the Lisbon family and the multiple crises they face, particularly acute suicidal risk of all five daughters. The family consists of the father, Ronald, the mother, and five sisters, Cecilia, Lux, Bonnie, Mary, and Therese. The family experiences both major and minor crisis event throughout the film, ultimately ending with all five daughters completing suicide. While there were numerous individuals experiencing crisis, the neighborhood boys, the entire LisbonRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis of the Virgin Suicides812 Words   |  4 Pagesthey would do anything to get to that point of bliss. In the book The Virgin Suicides by Jeffrey Eugenides, we are introduced to the men who se lives have been changed forever by their awkward obsession with five fated sisters: Therese, Mary, Bonnie, Lux, and Cecilia Lisbon. These mysterious girls dont seem to really be known in the town, but when the youngest, Cecilia, kills herself, it establishes the year of the suicides and all eyes are on them. The neighborhood boys narrate the storyRead MoreAn Analysis Of Jeffrey Eugenides The Virgin Suicides And Edith Pearlman s `` Honeydew ``1616 Words   |  7 PagesJeffrey Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides and Edith Pearlman’s â€Å"Honeydew† display how women are constantly suppressed by men s actions, while capturing the reaction women have to their suffering. The Virgin Suicides illustrates the five Lisbon sisters who are outcasts within their ‘cookie cutter’ community, constantly being watched by the neighborhood boys, and eventually they kill themselves because of the confinement the boys create. Meanwhile in â€Å"Honeydew† Emily an anorexic girl is isolated becauseRead MoreJeffrey Eugenides s The Virgin Suicides2263 Words   |  10 PagesEugenides’s The Virgin Suicides would be its first person-plural narrative voice. Literary scholars have often addressed the issue of the narrative voice and the effect that having multiple narrat ors has on the story. In her article ‘A story we could live with’ Narrative voice, the Reader, and Jeffrey Eugenides’s The Virgin Suicides Debra Shostak addresses how the â€Å"we† inadvertently draws attention to the â€Å"otherness† of the Lisbon girls. She attempts to dispel the belief that The Virgin Suicides is a misogynisticRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Left Side Journal Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesChapters 13-14 Left Side Journal With these chapters, I struggled doing my literary analysis because there was not much I could relate to except for the fact that he sometimes felt â€Å"yellow† in which I thought it meant being somewhat of a coward. I just focused on the fact that Holden ordered a prostitute, but he didn’t want to do anything with her and only talk. I focused on this because it was interesting to see how he changes character-wise. 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For the purpose of this analysis, Brian will be categorized based on the general impressions and behaviors he expresses before reaching his â€Å"changing moment† near the end of the film (along with the other characters). Brian can be categorized as being in level two (conventionalRead MoreHuman Targets : Schools, Police, And The Criminalization Of Latino Youth By Victor Rios1262 Words   |  6 PagesInstitutions play an integral role in the types of performances these youths enact and the sort of cultural frames they engage (See Vigil 1988; Harding 2010; Conchas and vigil 2012)(Page 9). It all just comes from how people approach each other Analysis: The book is relevant to class in various ways because Victor Rios is describing how the lives of Latino youths are impacted. The discrimination and low standards the authorities retain of the Latino population can be related to the book we areRead MoreCommon Ground between Islam and Christianity939 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconception . This research is conducted with an objective to highlight their common ground in an effort to bridge gaps between Muslims and Christians. The research analysis will provide an answer to the following question: What are some major similarities between Christianity and Islam? Methodology An internet-based archival analysis research method was used to thoroughly access and analyze the sources for finding answers to the research question. To increase the authenticity of measures, research

Should Marijuana Be Legalized Essay - 1291 Words

This research paper will study the correlation of past exposure to marijuana and the belief of its addictiveness is a direct association with an individual’s opinion on if marijuana should be decriminalized in the state of Oklahoma. Decriminalization is legislation ceasing to treat it as illegal. Criminal penalties will be reduced in certain acts of marijuana use. Examples of this are an individual can be fined but not imprisoned for possession but distributing and selling marijuana would still be considered a criminal act. From a sociological standpoint, this research would be beneficial in decriminalization policies for marijuana toward lowering the social constructs of the criminal act of possession and use. However it will regulate the cultivation and retailing of marijuana. Marijuana decriminalization is prevalent to sociological studies because of statistically as of 2014, the center of disease control (CDC) state that 40% of people have used marijuana in the past and 23 .4% currently partake. If we were to decriminalize the act of marijuana use and possession social cost would decline by about 3 billion dollars (CDC) a year because we would no longer have to house inmates with marijuana charges. The money saved could be used for treatment in substance abuse, prevention programs, medical research toward marijuana and other sociological problematic areas that Oklahoma faces. The purpose of this study is to obtain and examine the attitudes of college students at theShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the m edical side of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this would

Theories of Foreign Direct Investment Free Essays

Theories of Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment, or FDI, is a type of investment that involves the injection of foreign funds into an enterprise that operates in a different country of origin from the investor. Foreign direct investment has many forms. Broadly, foreign direct investment includes â€Å"mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intracompany loans†. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Foreign Direct Investment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Foreign direct investment incentives may take the following forms: †¢ low  corporate tax  and individual  income tax  rates †¢ tax holidays †¢ other types of tax concessions preferential  tariffs †¢ special economic zones †¢ EPZ  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Export Processing Zones †¢ Bonded Warehouses †¢ Maquiladoras †¢ investment financial subsidies †¢ soft loan  or loan guarantees †¢ free land or land subsidies †¢ relocation expatriation †¢ infrastructure subsidies †¢ RD support †¢ derogation from regulations Once firms have decided to enter a foreign market, they have to choose the best mode of entry. Firms can use six different modes to enter foreign markets: 1. Exporting, being a temporary strategy is like a stepping stone in the international expansion process for most firms. In the past, Seagate was a well know example which concentrated its manufacturing operations in one location enables it to move down the experience curve and achieve location economies. 2. Turnkey projects, are popular because firms can continue with normal business operations while the contractor handle the time consuming and resource intensive projects for a foreign client. Singapore shipyard is reputable for handling sophisticated turnkey projects regardless of is complex requirements and other considerations. This industry is well known in the economic development for the last 40 years and will continue to play the critical role in our economy in order to achieve the goal for Singapore to become a leading international maritime link. Another example would be Sitra Holdings (International) Limited, the international producer of integrated wood based products and turnkey services, secured several turnkey design and build contracts in November 2009. Amongst these contracts, the single largest contract is worth S$3. 24 million at the Marina Bay precinct. 3. Licensing, enables a firm to gain access into new markets otherwise inaccessible, hence to facilitate the growth of licensing activities in Singapore with additional focus on brand licensing, character licensing and know-how licensing, the Franchising and Licensing Association (FLA) aims to encourage the adoption of licensing as a growth strategy by producing a report to raise the awareness of how licensing can translate to income stream for companies. 4. Franchising, in Singapore has grown tremendously and is a preferred strategy for SMEs, as it involves minimal investment and staff, thus reducing costs. Local entrepreneurs have successfully made their mark internationally through franchising like BreadTalk, Charles Keith, and OSIM. Larger companies can also make use of the networks of their established franchise partners to grow globally. 5. Joint ventures enable firms to share the benefit of the work process from a local subsidiary’s knowledge of the host country such as the competitors, culture, political and business systems and access to greater resources including staff specialized in technology, finance, and so on. In November 2009, QATARQatar Petroleum International (QPI) and Shell Eastern Petroleum Pte Ltd have sealed agreements in which QPI takes stakes in two Shell Chemicals joint ventures in Singapore. The deal, to be completed in December, Shell will sell its existing shareholdings in two companies to a new joint venture called QPI and Shell Petrochemicals (Singapore) Pte Ltd. 6. Establishing new wholly owned subsidiaries would be best adopted by firms pursuing the global and transnational strategies, for instance, Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited invested approximately S$900 million in Fraser Neave Limited (â€Å"FN†) through its wholly-owned subsidiary Seletar Investments Pte Ltd1 in December 2006. The investment would represent approximately 15 % of the total shares outstanding of F on a fully-diluted basis. This investment marks Temasek’s most substantial investment in the food and beverage space in recent years. Temasek Holdings Limited (2006)   Country Focus – political economy and cultural factors of Singapore Political and economic systems of Singapore The Government of Singapore (GOS) is substantially consigned to maintaining an open economy and taking a leadership role strategize Singapore’s future economic development. The government does that by adopting a free enterprise, open door policy to attract foreign investors from all types of services sector involving finance, business, tourism, telecommunication and consultancy services. As such, Singapore has exports hitting 186% of 2008 GDP. While Singapore’s stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) increased by 23. 4% from $370. 5 billion in 2006 to $457. 0 billion in 2007. United States, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Japan were the top sources of FDI in Singapore. Evidently, the high FDI index reflects Singapore’s role as a manufacturing base for foreign multinationals (MNCs) and as a financial, transportation, logistics, and trading hub. Also, with high real growth rate and low inflation played a great role in shaping the Singapore economy. Singapore is one of the most enterprising and dynamic economies in the world. In this section, we compare Singapore’s recent trade performance with its performance in past crises, namely the 1997-1998 Asian Financial Crisis where many countries and industries were affected by the deep fall of exports during the recession and the 2001-2002 Dot-Com Bust where IT industries around the world were affected by the large scale cancellation of electronic orders due to the over-investments by IT firms. In 2008 till present, Singapore is experiencing a slow down in the economy due to the US subprime crisis. The main issue is that the US Subprime Market is generating an extension of recessions in some economies and accelerating global recession in a way. Thus, Singapore’s total output of the country has decreased and the export of electronics goods has reduced significantly. Background to Singapore’s FDI strategy Singapore’s assertive efforts to attain FDI for more support of its economic strategy have enabled the country to develop into a basis for multinational corporations (MNCs). Singapore’s investment promotion agency, the Economic Development Board (EDB), focuses on obtaining major investments in highly valued services and/or manufacturing activities, deepening its industrial and export structure, using selective interventions to capture cross-industry externalities and move away from labour intensive to capital-skill and technology-intensive activities, by acquiring and upgrading the modern technologies in highly internalized forms. From Ijaz Nabi and Manjula Luthria. (2002). This strategy allowed the country to concentrate in specific phases in the production process, depriving from the flow of innovation and investing lesser in its own innovative effort. Singapore’s FDI policies were based on liberal entry and ownership conditions, easy access to expatriate skills and generous incentives for the activities that it was seeking to promote. The EDB was mainly set up to synchronize policy, offer incentives to lead foreign investors into targeted activities, acquire and construct industrial estates to attract MNCs. The public sector played an important role in launching and promoting activities selected by the government, acting as a catalyst to private investment or entering areas. Often it was the efficiency, effectiveness and flexibility of government response that gave Singapore the edge over competing host countries. The importance of inward FDI to Singapore FDI has played a crucial role through the years in accelerating the economic development in Singapore. Being a small country with no natural resources, Singapore had depended on leading international companies not only in bringing in capital funds to broaden her economic base, but also in upgrading the technology and skill content of her industries. Since FDI is one way that Singapore can tap foreign technology, therefore a substantial amount of capital is required to help generate GDP. Furthermore, exchange rate will also play a role in determining GDP. A slow appreciation of the currency will increase the confidence of those who are investing in Singapore and help to attract more investment. The Singapore dollar appreciation will also curb imported inflation. The importance of FDI in Singapore is reflected in the country’s ratio of inward FDI stock to GDP: at 72%, the ratio is the highest in the world. From Wendy Dobson Chia Siow Yue (1997). That importance is also reflected in the fact that 90% of value added in Singapore’s electronics industry (remarkable growth in exports and income) is accounted for by foreign investors, and that FDI accounts for fully two-thirds of equity capital in the country’s manufacturing sector. From Wendy Dobson Chia Siow Yue (1997). In addition, Singapore’s productivity increased fastest in those industries in which FDI was concentrated. The rank correlation coefficients between increases in value added per worker and increases in FDI share and FDI level were . 2 and . 45. Moreover, because foreign direct investors’ profits and outward remittances have tended to move in close tandem with the general performance of Singapore’s economy and the health of its balance of payments, while the economic risk taking function is also borne by those investors, time and again Singapore’s exceptional reliance on FDI has ef fectively cushioned its economy from the balance of payments and debt crises that have hurt many other developing economies. David M, Marchick Matthew J. Slaughter (2008) Host Country policies FDI is attracted to Singapore mainly due to Singapore’s favourable investment climate and strategic geographical location. Some other reasons include non-fiscal advantages, Singapore’s small domestic market combined with no tariffs on most imports and low corporate tax rates have made Singapore into a popular low-risk high-return FDI destination. In general, corporate taxes, or taxes imposed on corporate income, is an important determinant of MNCs’ location decisions, just as individual income tax rates is an important determinant of where a person decides to work and live. Theoretically, other things equal, MNCs would prefer countries with lower corporate tax rates over countries with higher rates. Furthermore, a wide range of new incentives have been added over the years to promote FDI inflows. Burdensome regulations and performance requirements for FDI can offset a generous package of tax incentives. However, in Singapore’s case, the restrictions and regulations governing both the entry and operation of foreign enterprises and personnel are minimal. Overall, foreign investors are subject to the same government regulations as local investors, and both have a lot of freedom in pursuing their profit objectives. In addition to the general absence of performance requirements, Singapore has also signed a large number of avoidance of double taxation agreements, which mutually protect countries for a specific time against war and non-commercial risks of expropriation and nationalization. The four areas of Singapore’s government regulations in different areas relevant to foreign investors are the foreign exchange regime, equity ownership, performance requirements and human resources. First, the foreign exchange regime is highly liberal and freely allows repatriation of capital and remittance of profits, dividends, interests, royalty payments and technical licensing fees, as well as the free importation of goods and services for consumption, investment and production purposes. Second, foreign participation is permitted in most sectors of the economy except for some limitations in the monetary sector, areas of trained and skilled personnel. However, 100% foreign equity ownership is readily permitted. Third, there are no performance requirements for foreign investors such as domestic value-added content and local sourcing of inputs, no restrictions on borrowing from the domestic capital market, and no regulations and restrictions governing the transfer of technology. Fourth, there are only minimal restrictions on the recruitment of foreign personnel; employment passes are required but the government issues these quite liberally. However, the government does encourage foreign companies to hire local managerial and technical personnel. Singapore’s non-fiscal advantages for foreign investors include strategic location, physical and financial infrastructure, human resources, political and social stability, good governance and a foreign investment policy that is liberal, comprehensive and well co-ordinated. Singapore’s location astride major sea and air routes and in the heart of Southeast Asia – an economically dynamic region rich in natural resources – gives it a significant locational advantage in trade and investment. Singapore’s highly liberal trade regime has further reinforced its natural locational advantage and turned it into Southeast Asia’s undisputed trade hub, which, in turn, facilitates the export and import activities of foreign firms locating in Singapore. In addition, Singapore’s time zone advantage, straddling East Asia and Western Europe, enables its financial markets and institutions to perform transactions with Japan, Europe and the US within its working hours. Singapore had reinforced and exploited its strategic geographical location through large investments in physical infrastructure. Comprehensive air and sea transport and telecommunications link the city-state with the rest of the world. The domestic land transportation network is also well-developed and efficiently connects the airport and sea port to the business and financial districts. Singapore’s airport and sea port are world-class facilities that are consistently ranked as among the best in the world. Its advanced telecommunications infrastructure facilitates business transactions with the outside world. Singapore has achieved world-class status in information and communications technology (ICT), while the government has ensured a reliable supply of power and water. Charles Oman (2000)   Industrial estates, business parks and science parks provide ready access to land and factory/office space and industrial, commercial and research facilities and amenities -reduces the capital investment requirements of foreign investors, enables quick start-ups, and promotes external economies of industrial clustering. Singapore is a major Asia-Pacific financial centre, and its well-developed financial markets, large inflows of capital, and abundance of national savings all contribute to the low cost of capital. Charles Oman (2000) . The government’s human resource policy focuses on improving the productivity of the labour force through education and training. Singapore has adopted one of the most liberal immigration regimes in the world in order to expand its quantity as well as enhancing its quality. In terms of education, the government emphasizes technical and vocational education below tertiary level to provide a growing pool of technically competent workers, along with rapid expansion of engineering, business and computer science education at the tertiary level. Women were also encouraged to enter the workforce in a bid to boost the female labour force participation rate. Another major selling point of Singapore for foreign investors is its well-known socio-political stability and good governance. Its political background is well-secured and there is no history of incidents concerning politically motivated damage to foreign investments in Singapore. Not to mention that Singapore ranks as one of the least corrupt country in the world. Singapore has, and dynamically enforced, strong and solid anti-corruption laws. Political stability and an honest and effective political leadership and government have always been key elements in Singapore’s favourable business environment. A pro-business government policy environment and high-quality civil service complements Singapore’s excellent infrastructure and public capital. A remuneration system of paying relatively high salaries to civil servants attracts a constant stream of talented individuals to work for the government. World-class infrastructure and world-class government combine to offer a highly favourable environment for doing business. Singapore is consistently ranked among the most competitive countries in the world terms of providing a sound business environment. According to the World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) 2005 by the Institute for Management Development (IMD), which ranks nations’ business environments by analyzing their ability to provide an environment in which enterprises can compete effectively, in 2005 Singapore ranked 3rd among the sample of 60 major industrialized and emerging economies. The FDI has increased and better enhanced the quality of Singapore’s entrepreneurial, managerial, marketing, technological and manpower resources. FDI had significantly contributed to higher exports and economic growth. However, further investigation also suggests that continuing large inflows of FDI may not be fully absorbed by the economy due to the scarcity of land and shortage of labour. This may lead to crowding out of domestic entrepreneurs. In order to overcome this problem, more domestic entrepreneurs are needed to emerge and invest outward so as to reduce the reliance on FDI. The outcomes of Singapore’s strategies at attracting inward FDI Recent FDI Since 2003, one of the most active sectors in attracting FDI is the chemical sector. Through its subsidiary Faci Asia Pacific Private Ltd. , Faci SpA, has invested approximately US$5 million in a second metal stearate plant on Jurong Island, Singapore’s chemical complex. And in 2006, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has developed a special relationship with the country, opening a number of ventures, with its investment in an antibiotics plant in the Tuas Biomedical Park. Not to mention, the Integrated Resorts have unnoticeably boost the foreign investments scene in Singapore and the many efforts made by the government to attract and sustain FDI such as, the revamping of Orchard Road for reportedly $40 million and establishing of the Circle line to facilitate travelling which completes just in time for the Youth Olympic games in 2010. Conclusion For Singapore to attract and sustain FDI in all aspects, the structure that supports innovative activities must be further reinforced such as increasing research ability in public and private sectors, the availability of skilled human resources, policies to strengthen RD infrastructure and so on, so as to foster innovation and local development. Although Singapore’s education system and its no tariffs on most imports and low corporate rates are its main elements of attraction, there is always room for improvement. Summing up, the study of the strategies adopted by Singapore to attract inward FDI, the challenges that occurred, results and future directions were critically analyzed and supported with references and findings. Although Singapore is a very attractive destination of FDI, it still has a few areas where improvements can be made in order to maximise economic growth, profits and strategic development. So long as Singapore keep up with trends in the shift towards services, develop cross cultural literacy to avoid being ill informed, sustain its competitive advantage, ensure accessibility of government information to foreign investors and continue to invest in the up and coming, biotechnology industries, it will continue to prosper. REFERENCES: Ijaz Nabi and Manjula Luthria. (2002) Building competitive firms, incentives and capabilities, Washington, DC, The World Bank. Wendy Dobson Chia Siow Yue (1997) Multinationals and east Asian integration, Canada Singapore, International Development Research Centre. David M, Marchick Matthew J. Slaughter (2008) Global FDI Policy, correcting a protectionist drift, USA, Council on foreign relations. Temasek Holdings Limited (2006) announces investments in Fraser Neave Limited URL:http://www. temasekholdings. com. sg/media_centre_news_releases_081206. htm Charles Oman (2000) Development centre studies, Policy competition for foreign direct investment, A study of competition among governments to attract FDI, USA, OECD. Abraham A. Azubuike. (2006) Accessibility of Government Information as a Determinant of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Africa, ECA Library, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia URL:http://ifla. queenslibrary. org/IV/ifla72/papers/100-Azubuike-en. pdf SPRING, franchising and licensing association (Singapore). URL:http://www. spring. gov. sg/EnterpriseIndustry/LEAD/Pages/lead-fla. aspx WINDS, Multilateral Agreement on Investment, URL:http://www. apfn. org/THEWINDS/archive/economy/mai11-97. html How to cite Theories of Foreign Direct Investment, Essay examples

The Seven Organizational Approaches to Studying the Human Body free essay sample

The seven organizational approaches to studying the human body are body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic to macroscopic, body systems and medical specializes. The body planes and body direction is the division of the body in to sections from front to back, right and left, and top and bottom. These sections are called the midsagittal plane, the coronal plane, and the transverse plane. This approach is used when studying organs and its function or specific areas with in the body like lungs, brain, and joint and tendons. The body cavity is the study of the body cavities and the organs in the cavities. This approach is used when studying certain organs in the body and how a disease affects different organs. The quadrants and regions divides the lower torso into four sections and nine region sections to identify the areas where internal organs are placed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Seven Organizational Approaches to Studying the Human Body or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This approach is a good reference to be used when conducting a physical exam of internal organs. The anatomy and physiology is the study of the structures with in the body and how they function in the body. This approach is good to be used when studying the structure and how cell work or the nervous system. Microscopic and macroscopic is the study of the smallest parts of the body and how they come together to make larger parts and more complex structures or systems. This approach is good to use when studying how cells combine to make organ. The Body systems approach is the study of the body’s organs and how they function together in the body. This approach is good to be used when studying the bodies systems such as the circulatory system, the respiratory system and how they function in the body. Medical specialty is the study of the human body for medical uses. This approach is also divided in to many different categories which are the use or study of anatomy, physiology diseases, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs. This approach is used when studying different types of illnesses and diseases.