Review Of Child Labor And The Nation - 1095 Words

labored because extra income was essential to maintaining an average standard of living. Lewis W. Hine, â€Å"Slebzak family (Polish) working on Bottomley Farm,† 1909. In a piece entitled â€Å"Child Labor and the Nation†, historian Albert J. Beveridge stated, â€Å"They feel that they have been robbed, not robbed of money, not robbed of property; but robbed of intellect, health, character, of life itself. â€Å"(Beveridge,116) According to Stephen L. Piott, â€Å"Children worked in sweatshops, factories, cotton mills, coalmines, and shrimp canneries. According to the US Census of 1900, 1,750,000 children between the ages of 10 and 15 were part of the paid workforce.† Every member of the working class family, inclusive of small children had to labor to maintain a standard of living. Many shared accounts of the lackluster life of the Progressive Era. In the words of an anonymous working class American female, as depicted in Steven L. Piott’s, Domestic Revolutions: A Social History of American Family Life: I frequently work from fourteen to sixteen hours a day. I am compelled by my contract, which is oral only, to sleep in the house. I am allowed to go home to my own children†¦. only†¦every other Sunday afternoon†¦I don’t know what it is to go to church; I don’t know what it is to go to a lecture or entertainment or anything of the kind; I live a treadmill life†¦. You might as well say that I’m on duty all of the time—from sunrise to sunrise, every day in theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Human Rights Abuses1747 Words   |  7 Pages Position-: Laws are still not effective to abolish child labor in India. Human rights are rights related with every person, whatever our nationality, spot of living arrangement, sex, national or ethnic root, color, religion, dialect, or some other status. We are all similarly qualified for our human rights without separation. These rights are all interrelated and associated (United Nations Human Rights). According to United Nations Human Rights, right to work, social security and educationRead MoreThe Evil of Human Trafficking996 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Trafficking is one of the most heinous crimes that operate over transnational boundaries. The act of human trafficking is highlighted as a criminalized activity according to the article 5 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol set out by United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. While Human Trafficking is generally attributed to the Less Developed Countries. This is because the socio economic dynamics along with weaker law and order situation provide a strong environment for this activity to takeRead M oreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words   |  4 Pagesnearly three decades. Nike was one of the leaders in this strategy, seeing to create a more efficient supply chain and also drop the labor and union costs of manufacturing in the U.S. (Boje, Khan, 2009). Adidas, Converse and Reebok have all followed Nikes lead, with Adidas benefitting from the fall-out generated when investigate reports showed Nike using child labor throughout Pakistan and Vietnam (Boje, Khan, 2009). All four of these companies share a common prioritization of manufacturing operationsRead MoreRole of Ethics in Financial, Environmental, and Cultural Issues: Case Study of China, Jamaica, and America984 Words   |  4 Pagesunlike other Caribbean nations that have been unable to embrace financial reform, Jamaica has been somewhat successful in doing so. Jamaicas past makes it more likely to embrace a capitalist-based ethical system than China, but it has the challenge of bringing together people from a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. It is easy to understand why Jamaica would take a more relaxed, and seemingly less ethical, approach to environmental regulations. As a widely non-industrialized nation, it almost certainlyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Human Rights943 Words   |  4 Pagesexpects companies to operate with due admiration for human rights. Beyond meeting regulatory requirements and social expectations in areas in which they operate, by proactively presenting more rigorous international standards such as the United Nations Global Compact, companies will reinforce their commitment to human rights. In 1998 the Secretary General of the UN, declared that he â€Å"was building a more solid relationship with the business community. Thriving markets and human security goes handRead MoreHuman Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking is a horrendous crime that takes advantage of people through the illegal trading of human beings for purposes of forced labor, and commercial sexual/child exploitation. Traffickers tend to prey on the vulnerable, those who want a better life, have little or no employment opportunities, very unstable, and have a history of sexual abuse. With this being popular in society, anyone can easily become a victim. By being an undocumented immigrant, runaway and homeless youth, and a victimRead MoreHuman Goods : Child Trafficking For Sexual Exploitation893 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Goods: Child Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 20% of all human trafficking victims worldwide are under the age of 18 (UNODC Report on Human Trafficking Exposes Modern Form of Slavery). Child trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, and receipt of a person under the age of 18 for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficking victims will be used for forced labor, domesticated servitude, organ harvesting, andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Director Of Sustainable Sourcing Department Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pageson supplier risk mitigation. Government publications, industry reports, newspaper articles, company reports, and peer-review journals were used for this analysis. The five Asian countries, China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Malaysia accounted for 40% of global apparel production and 50% of global exports. External factors may drive manufacturers to relocate due to increasing labor cost, the transition will be unlikely in the next five years. Wh ile U.S. based companies are facing various businessRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Dimensions On World Health Organization Statistics1081 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease of the population and higher standards of living (Who.int, 2016). For instance, Lagos used to have a population of 41,000 in 1900 (Cahoon, n.d.). A century later, Lagos records an astonishing population number of 8 million (World Population Review, 2016). The traveling from one place to another resulted in denser population centers. For instance, China has 150 million people that left the countryside to the cities for the past 20 years (Williams, 2012, 76). Such shift can also be seen mainlyRead MoreThe Government Must Solve The Immigration Crisis1664 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with immigrants. Visualize what child labor would be like in the U.S. where it was theoretically forbidden but, in practice, it was permitted and supported on an enormous scale. Juvenile workers could be exposed to violence and mistreatm ent in that setting than in a setting where either child labor was completely permitted or where regulations against child labor were severely implemented. Sure enough, in the United States of America, abuse of child-labor laws is very related to illegal immigration:

Effects of Roman Architecture Free Essays

string(114) " featured arches with Ionic columns and the third one consisted of a wall with pilasters in the Corinthian Order\." It was an art of shaping space around ritual, it sought identity and fulfillment in the performance and creation, it was their way of reducing chaos, it was used to show their newly developed building skills, it was to â€Å"romanize† their country and set it apart from others. What was the reasoning for making such extraordinary structures? From the beginning of the use of â€Å"the arch† to the construction of huge public places such as the Roman arena. There’s a reason why thousands of people visit these places every year, something so amazing that keep’s our attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Roman Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s the beauty, or the concept of building these, or maybe the idea of designing such complex structures. The detail is tremendously in depth also, they truly cared about what they were doing. We here the quote said by John Heywood when being lectured about hard work, â€Å"Rome was not built in a day. †7 And it’s so very true. We today are amazed in how and why they would do it. The effects on today are tremendous. If you were to look down your street you would see so many uses of Roman Architecture. Columns? So simple but still so elegant. Domes? Such an amazing architectural design. Arches? Gave a whole new meaning to an open-looking building. Before Roman style came we had other styles including; Prehistoric which did not inspire much besides stone circles and Ancient Egypt which gave us the beautiful pyramids. Besides that, the Romans were the first to really break through. Which is what they wanted, wanting to be known by all. Roman Architecture effected the future’s idea on structure, design and the ability to obtain power by it’s beauty, it’s structure, and it’s uses. So what was the reasoning of making these structures? To show all the power they had, to show what they could do themselves. The English author Goethe once said, â€Å"Dream no small dreams for they have no power to move the hearts of men. †2 Proving that they were the ones that were smart enough to come up with this. Not only did they make them to show everyone, they used them. They were used daily and stayed intact. They’re still intact today! 4 So many designs that helped the future come up with more and more complex ideas. Producing such massive, creative, and beautiful designs made people come and sit in ah. The year is 2009 and guess who is still coming and sitting in ah, we are. The poet Friedrich von Schelling once said, â€Å"Architecture in general is rozen music. †1 And music in general is a beautiful thing. Beauty is a big factor in attracting attention. If something is that beautiful, people will take the effort to take a double look. Romans took this into account and used it to their advantage. Take the Pantheon for example, simply amazing. It’s thought by many to be almost perfect in interior design. The light pours through the aperture in the coffered dome, and creates a mystical atmosphere in the windowless building. From afar you see the massive dome, the octastyle porch and a rectangular feature connecting the two. There are also eight granite columns, six of them being original. 4 The two replacement columns were made of a reddish granite, almost identical. The inside is what is really amazing, you first walk up to the porch which is made of all marble and granite. The two stones were arranged in a pattern of circles and rectangles. You then enter the â€Å"entranceway† where you see that it is framed by pilasters of white marble. To get into the rotunda you enter through huge doors made of bronze that are connected by wooden planks, attached again by bronze nails. When first stepping into the rotunda your eye goes directly to â€Å"the eye†. â€Å"The eye†, or the all-powerful eye, is a round piece of glass on the direct top of the dome. It gives off a fair amount of light and in the Roman’s perspective, keeps an eye on all visitors. 7 Thomas Fuller a British author once said â€Å"Light, God’s eldest daughter, is a principal beauty in a building. †2 The Rotunda also has an unbelievable amount of statues, columns, and detailed stoned etchings. The ground their is also arranged with alternating circles and squares of colored marbles and granites. What’s amazing is the craftsmanship that was put into every piece of art the Roman’s produced, and the time it took to make them. William Sutton once said, â€Å"Success in any endeavor requires single-minded attention to detail and total concentration. †9 Like the Colosseum’s hundreds of beautiful arches and the detail involved in each square. Or the beautiful rounded look they created for their theaters. Or the amazing etchings in the Monumental Arch. And who could forget about the baths! The creative, soothing paintings and the marble lined utilities were enough to ease the mind. Beauty, if used wisely, can lead to power. Power is what the Romans craved for and power is what was perceived from the outsider, they won. The structure of every building they ever erected was just amazing. Without their help the idea of theatre seating may not have even happened. The theatre has always meant so much throughout history, Oscar Wilde once said, â€Å"I regard the theatre as the greatest of all forms, the most immediate way in which a human being can share with another the sense of what is is to be a human being. †3 Take the Theatre of Marcellus for example. The theatre is 111 m. n diameter and could originally hold 11,000 spectators. 2 The theatre was built mainly of tuff and concrete faced with stones in the pattern known as opus reticulatum, then completely plastered in white travertine. 5 It also consisted of three levels supported by columns. Each level had a different architectural style: the first level had arches supported by columns in the Doric Order, the second featured arches with Ionic columns and the third one consisted of a wall with pilasters in the Corinthian Order. You read "Effects of Roman Architecture" in category "Essay examples" 8 Only parts of the first two levels are still visible today but their design withstood years and years of usage. The Roman’s also used the idea of the arch and developed into the vault. The simplest kind of vault is a barrel vault, it’s generally semicircle in shape and has a continuous arch, the length being greater than its diameter. 4 Rings are placed in position one at a time while the timber supports are taken out. With a barrel vault, the temporary support is then shifted on to support the next rings. 6 You had to take so many steps to get the final structure. And did they know it was going to work? They’re the Roman’s, they can do anything. Maybe they took a few test trials though. Two kids received identical play houses. One kid brought fake pots and little plastic food to play with. The other kid brought a toy gun and plastic tools to play with. Which kid would you assume has power of the other? The kid with the toy gun of course! The Roman’s not only had amazing, massive structures, they also used them to the max. The Roman’s are known for their spectacular public baths. The most famous being Diocletian and the Bath of Caracalla. 3 During this period of time many people did not care much about their hygiene. What they did was create elegant baths for the Roman public. This was never before done, so those looking from the outside would think that pretty important people must live there. The Roman’s also had many temples and tombs to honor certain people. The temples and tombs always looked so exquisite too. So did that mean so many great and powerful people lived in Rome? That’s what they wanted you to think. Josh Billings a humor writer once said, â€Å"You pretty it up, they’ll believe anything you’ll say. †9 The Colosseum is a great example of how the Roman’s used their masterpieces. The Colosseum was used to host gladiatorial shows as well as a variety of other events. Another popular type of show was the animal hunt. This utilized a great variety of wild beasts, mainly imported from Africa and the Middle East and included creatures such as rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephants, giraffes and ostriches. 1 Such events were occasionally on a huge scale; Some contests involving 11,000 animals and 10,000 gladiators over the course of 123 days. 7 There are also accounts of a â€Å"sea battle†, described as being filled with water for a show of specially trained swimming horses and bulls. The way they did things in the Colosseum was very gruesome. They occasionally used condemned people for â€Å"plays† where executions in which the hero of the story was killed in various gruesome but mythologically authentic ways, such as being mauled by beasts or burned to death. 6 The poet Anatole Broyard once said, â€Å"Rome was a poem pressed into service as a city. †3 If the Colosseum singly would be a poem it’d be the gruesome, horrid type of poem. Bringing wild animals and having men try to kill them was just a game to watch. What is the rest of the world going to think about Rome when they here what they do for fun? I would be scared. The Colosseum is the pride and joy of the Roman’s. It is the greatest work of Roman Architecture and Roman Engineering. It put together everything they worked for, everything they were good at. It’s the distinct building that everyone knows and remembers. Byron, a historian once said, â€Å"While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand; When falls the Colosseum, Rome shall fall; And when Rome falls, the world. †2 Its beauty, design and usage made everyone believe the Roman’s had the power. The Colosseum is about 620Ãâ€"513 ft. in length and about 165 ft. in height. The internal arena was 287Ãâ€"180 ft. It’s estimated that it could seat 45 to 50,000 spectators and on special occasions the numbers could be as high as 70,000! 4 The skeletal framework consisted of concentric piers and arches and was built of Travertine limestone, these rings were linked with walls. There were also four stories all together, all surrounded with a total of 80 arches. 2 The floor of the arena was made of wood and then covered with sand. Under the arena there was an 18 ft. high basement which stood on cement foundations some 18 ft. thick. The basement is an architectural masterpiece in itself, about as big as the arena itself too. The rooms of the basement were specially constructed to support the show on the stage above but were used for a number of purposes such as keeping animals, medics, gladiators, general supplies and so on. It is known that there was an elevator type device to elevate animals and fighters into the arena from the floors underneath so that they could join in the action when it was their turn. 7 Besides the structural wonderment of the Colosseum, it held so much allure from all points of view. Matthew Arnold is quoted saying, â€Å"I gazed upon the scene with intense and mingled feeling. The world could show nothing greater. â€Å"2 From the thoroughness of every individual arch to the hand crafted statues. There was a definite appeal in this building. Only the great and powerful can do great and powerful things. This is something the Romans believed, and heavily. Being able to build such grand and ravishing buildings proved that they could do great and powerful things. The late Spanish writer, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra once said, â€Å"When thou art at Rome, do as they do at Rome†. 2 Obviously Rome’s â€Å"scare factor† was known to many. Some may think that Roman and Greek architecture are the same concept, but the Roman’s put so much more into their skill. The way they meshed together their artistic abilities and architectural abilities created such a great and powerful bond. Their unbelievable leaps in the architecture ladder should be remembered for a long time, it is very much deserved. Roman Architecture effected the future’s idea on structure, design and the ability to obtain power by it’s beauty, it’s structure, and it’s uses. They wanted to be know, they literally killed for it! The year is 2009 and we remember, congratulations Rome. How to cite Effects of Roman Architecture, Essay examples

Tax Assessment Act Indexation Mathod

Question: Discuss about Tax Assessment Act for Indexation Mathod. Answer: Capital gains are derived when a capital asset is liquidated and the resultant proceeds are higher than the underlying assets cost base. With regards to capital gains, any gains on account of asset which are held for more than 12 months are termed as long term gains while capital gains made on assets with a holding period of less than 12 months amounts to short term gains (Barkoczy, 2014). Part a) Only assets that have been bought on or after September 20, 1985 fall within the CGT (Capital Gain Tax) ambit. In the case of assets which have been purchased before this, no CGT would be levied irrespective of the liquidation date and the capital gains derived (CCH, 2011). The relevant information in this case suggests that the land was bought by Scott in the pre-CGT era and hence no CGT liability would arise on account of its liquidation. But the same cannot be said about the house whose construction was done in 1986 i.e, the period when CGT has come in enforcement and hence any gains on liquidation of house would levy CGT. As the property comprises of two assets with differential CGT treatments, hence both need to be accounted for separately (Coleman, 2011). Land The house asset was constructed only in 1986. At that time the land had a fair value of $ 90,000. At the same time, fair value of the property = Fair value of land + Fair value of property = 90000 + 60000 = $ 150,000 Share of land = (90000/150000)*100 = 60% These shares would continue to remain constant and therefore even in present 60% of the property value belongs to land and would be free from CGT burden. Value of property exempted from CGT burden = 60% of 800000 = $ 480,000 House Total value apportioned to the house = 40% of the property value or = (40/100)*800,000 = $ 320,000 Only the above proceeds would be subject to CGT using the methods shown below, Discount method Capital gains arising from house sale = Value of house Construction cost = 320000 - 60000 = $ 240,000 Since this method allows for a discount of 50%, hence the CGT would apply only on half the above amount or $ 120,000 Indexation Method Construction cost incurred in 1986 = $ 60,000 Indexed construction cost adjusted for inflation using CPI = (68.72/43.2)*60000 = $ 95,400 Thus, gains that would be taxable under CGT regime = 320000 95400 = $ 224,600 Conclusion Scott would choose the discount method for capital gains calculation as it would minimise the CGT payments. Hence, net capital gain from property sale is $ 120,000. Part b) The case states that Scotts daughter has purchased the property for a total consideration of $ 200,000. However, this transaction would not impact the net capital gains due to the application of Section 116-30 ITAA 1997. This states that the value to be used for calculation of capital gains should be one which is higher amongst the current market price and actual sale price obtained from the buyer (AustLii, nd). Applying this, $ 200,000 would be discarded and calculations would be done only on $800,000. Thus, the capital gains on the property would now also be $ 120,000. Part c) This involves a change in ownership since instead of individual, now the owner is a company. This would impact the net capital gains since discount method can be availed by individual but not by a company (Coleman, 2011). Hence, the indexation method would be deployed and resultant capital gains as calculated in part (a) would be $ 224,600. References Austlii nd, INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997 - SECT 116.30, Austlii Website, Available online from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s116.30.html (Accessed on August 26, 2016) Barkoczy,S 2014, Foundation of Taxation Law 2014,6th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde CCH 2011, Australian Master Tax Guide 2011, 49th eds., Wolters Kluwer , Sydney Coleman, C 2011, Australian Tax Analysis, 4th eds., Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, Sydney